Artificial Intelligence Use Policy

Artificial Intelligence Use Policy

The International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, Educational Technologies and Teacher Education – IJAIET recognizes that Artificial Intelligence (AI), including Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) systems, Large Language Models – LLMs, writing assistants, automated analysis systems, image, code, audio, and video generation tools, and other machine-learning-based technologies, can contribute significantly to the development of scientific research, education, and scholarly communication.

At the same time, the use of these technologies presents risks related to authorship, scientific responsibility, reliability of information, fabricated references, plagiarism, algorithmic bias, intellectual property, privacy, data protection, confidentiality, research integrity, and transparency.

Therefore, IJAIET establishes this Artificial Intelligence Use Policy to ensure that the use of AI in research, manuscripts, peer review, and editorial activities occurs in an ethical, transparent, responsible, verifiable manner and always under human oversight.

This policy is based on the Research Integrity Guidelines of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development – CNPq, Unesp Resolution No. 13 of April 22, 2025, Unesp Ordinance No. 125 of September 15, 2025, the University of São Paulo – USP Guide to Good Scientific Practices, the FAPESP Code of Good Scientific Practice, and the UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence.

1. Concept and General Principles

For the purposes of this policy, Artificial Intelligence refers to computational systems capable of performing tasks associated, among other functions, with learning, reasoning, pattern recognition, perception, prediction, decision-making, content generation, and interaction with human beings or other systems.

Generative Artificial Intelligence – GenAI encompasses systems capable of producing new content in response to instructions provided by users, including texts, codes, images, audio, video, tables, charts, summaries, translations, and other forms of content.

IJAIET considers AI to be a tool that supports human capabilities, rather than a substitute for authorship, intellectual responsibility, critical analysis, scientific judgment, or editorial decision-making.

Unesp Resolution No. 13/2025 establishes principles that are particularly relevant to IJAIET, including ethics, academic honesty, responsibility, justice and equity, human sovereignty, human oversight and validation, transparency, protection of fundamental rights, and data protection.

The UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence approaches AI ethics based on human dignity, well-being, prevention of harm, human rights, accountability, transparency, equity, diversity, inclusion, privacy, and human oversight.

2. Human Responsibility

The use of Artificial Intelligence does not transfer, diminish, or eliminate the responsibility of authors, reviewers, or editors.

Authors are fully responsible for:

the originality of the manuscript;
the accuracy of the information presented;
the authenticity and integrity of data and results;
the accuracy of citations and references;
compliance with copyright and intellectual property;
protection of personal data and confidential information;
identifying and correcting errors, bias, hallucinations, or discriminatory content produced by AI systems;
methodological choices;
scientific analyses and interpretations;
the conclusions presented in the manuscript.

The USP Guide to Good Scientific Practices reinforces that researchers retain responsibility for the creative process, the integrity and accuracy of data and information, and ethical considerations related to research, while requiring the use of AI tools to be explicitly disclosed.

3. Artificial Intelligence Cannot Be an Author

Artificial Intelligence tools, models, or systems may not be listed as authors or co-authors of scientific articles published by IJAIET.

Authorship implies responsibilities and capacities that cannot be attributed to automated systems, including:

intellectual responsibility;
ethical responsibility;
legal responsibility;
approval of the final version;
disclosure of conflicts of interest;
responsibility in integrity investigations;
participation in corrections or retractions.

Only human beings may be recognized as authors of works published by IJAIET.

It is also prohibited to present content generated by AI as if it had been entirely produced by human authors without proper disclosure.

The CNPq Research Integrity Guidelines establish that content generated by GenAI must not be presented as human-authored content and that researchers remain fully responsible for the final material.

4. Mandatory Disclosure of AI Use

IJAIET requires the mandatory disclosure of relevant use of Artificial Intelligence by authors.

In accordance with the CNPq Research Integrity Guidelines, the use of Generative Artificial Intelligence tools must be disclosed whenever they are used in any relevant stage of the research, including:

research conception;
project development;
preliminary search and organization of information;
text production or revision;
translation;
data collection;
data processing or classification;
data analysis;
code generation;
generation or modification of images;
generation of tables or charts;
synthesis of information;
preparation of presentations;
preparation and submission of manuscripts.

The declaration must identify the tool used and the purpose for which it was used.

5. Minimum Information Required in an AI Disclosure

When relevant AI use has occurred, the declaration should include, whenever possible:

name of the tool or system used;
company, institution, or developer responsible;
system version, when available;
approximate date or period of use;
purpose of use;
stage of the research or manuscript in which it was used;
nature of the task performed by the AI;
procedures adopted for human review, validation, and oversight;
where scientifically relevant, procedures used to verify biases, errors, or limitations;
when applicable, information necessary to support reproducibility or methodological traceability.

Unesp Ordinance No. 125/2025 determines that, when generative AI is used in academic work, its use must be described in the Materials and Methods context, including at least the names and versions of the tools and how and for what purpose they were used.

6. How AI Use Must Be Reported in the Article

IJAIET adopts two levels of disclosure depending on the nature of the use.

6.1. AI Use Related to Research Methodology

When AI has been used for:

data collection or generation;
data classification;
statistical or computational analysis;
qualitative analysis;
natural language processing;
creation or execution of code;
modeling;
prediction;
generation of images used as scientific objects or results;
audio or video processing;
instrument development;
analysis of large datasets;
any activity that directly affects the methods or results of the research,

its use must be described in detail in the Methods, Methodology, or Materials and Methods section.

The description must allow readers to understand which tool was used, for what purpose, how it was used, at which stage, and under what form of human supervision.

Suggested model for the methodology section

Use of Artificial Intelligence in the methodology: During the [indicate stage] stage, the authors used [tool name, version], developed by [company/institution], for the purpose of [describe purpose]. The tool was used to [describe procedure]. All outputs were reviewed, verified, and validated by the authors, who assume full responsibility for the methodological decisions, analyses, and results presented.

6.2. AI Use in Writing, Revision, or Translation

When AI is used exclusively to support:

language revision;
improvement of clarity;
text organization;
translation;
grammatical revision;
preliminary summarization;
stylistic adjustment,

its use must be reported in a specific section entitled:

Artificial Intelligence Use Statement

This statement must appear before the References or in the specific field established by IJAIET's article template.

Suggested disclosure model – AI used

Artificial Intelligence Use Statement: The authors declare that they used [tool name, version], developed by [company/institution], for [purpose] during the [writing/revision/translation/organization/etc.] stage. All content produced with the support of the tool was critically reviewed and validated by the authors, who assume full responsibility for the final version of the manuscript.

7. Statement When AI Was Not Used

IJAIET may require an explicit statement even when no Generative Artificial Intelligence tool was used.

Model

Artificial Intelligence Use Statement: The authors declare that they did not use Generative Artificial Intelligence tools in the conception, analysis, writing, or preparation of this manuscript.

This practice strengthens editorial transparency and traceability.

8. Instrumental Tools That Do Not Require Disclosure

As a general rule, no specific disclosure is required for merely instrumental tools that do not make a significant intellectual contribution, such as:

conventional spellcheckers;
basic grammar checkers;
reference managers;
traditional formatting tools;
conventional bibliographic search engines;
automatic pagination tools;
traditional statistical software used without generative or AI-based decision-making functions.

However, if such tools include generative AI features that materially intervene in writing, interpretation, analysis, or content generation, their use must be disclosed.

9. Bibliographic References and Scientific Sources

AI tools must not replace consultation of original scientific sources.

Authors are responsible for individually verifying all references suggested, organized, or generated by AI systems.

The following are prohibited:

nonexistent references;
false DOIs;
nonexistent authors;
fabricated titles;
incorrectly attributed quotations;
fictitious data or documents;
results not produced by the research.

When information can be verified in a scientific article, book, legislation, database, report, or original document, authors must consult and cite the primary or appropriate source rather than treating a chatbot as the scientific source.

10. Use of AI for Scientific Writing

The use of AI to support writing is permitted provided that it is:

disclosed, when relevant;
supervised by human authors;
subject to factual verification;
subject to reference verification;
evaluated for possible bias;
compatible with authorship and originality requirements.

AI must not replace:

development of scientific argumentation;
critical interpretation of the literature;
scientific reasoning;
discussion of results;
methodological decision-making;
formulation of conclusions.

The final text must effectively represent the intellectual and scientific judgment of the human authors.

11. Generation and Manipulation of Images

Images generated or modified by AI must be clearly identified when they form part of the scientific content.

AI must not be used to:

fabricate visual evidence;
alter experimental results;
add or remove scientifically relevant elements from images;
manipulate photographs, graphs, or records in a way that may produce misleading interpretations;
present a synthetic image as an actual documentary record without disclosure.

When image generation or transformation is itself part of the scientific methodology, authors must report the tool, version, procedure, purpose, and validation criteria.

12. AI, Personal Data, and Confidentiality

Authors must not enter into public or external AI systems, without appropriate safeguards:

identifiable personal data;
sensitive personal data;
non-anonymized interviews;
information relating to research participants;
contractually protected data;
confidential documents;
third-party intellectual property;
confidential institutional documents;
data protected by the Brazilian General Data Protection Law – LGPD or equivalent legislation;
materials whose transfer to external systems would violate consent terms or ethical approval.

When AI is used in research involving human participants, authors must verify whether such use is compatible with the approval granted by the Research Ethics Committee, the terms of consent, and applicable data protection legislation.

Unesp Resolution No. 13/2025 explicitly emphasizes the need to respect privacy, data security, fundamental rights, and data protection legislation, including the LGPD.

13. Algorithmic Bias, Equity, and Non-Discrimination

Authors must critically consider possible algorithmic biases in the tools used.

When AI plays a relevant methodological role, authors are encouraged to discuss:

model limitations;
representativeness of data;
potential biases;
impacts on different social groups;
systematic errors;
limitations of generalization;
ethical consequences.

In accordance with UNESCO and Unesp Resolution No. 13/2025, IJAIET supports the use of AI based on equity, non-discrimination, diversity, inclusion, and human oversight.

14. Use of AI by Reviewers

Manuscripts submitted to IJAIET are confidential documents.

Reviewers must not upload, copy, enter, or otherwise provide submitted manuscripts, portions of manuscripts, unpublished data, attachments, images, or confidential information to external or public Generative Artificial Intelligence tools.

Reviewers must also not delegate to AI systems:

comprehensive scientific analysis of the manuscript;
preparation of the review report;
recommendations to accept or reject;
methodological judgment;
evaluation of originality;
decisions concerning scientific validity.

The CNPq Research Integrity Guidelines emphasize the protection of confidentiality in evaluation processes.

Reviewers remain fully responsible for the reports they submit.

15. Use of AI by Editors

Editors and editorial team members must likewise preserve manuscript confidentiality.

They must not enter submitted manuscripts or portions thereof into external AI systems when doing so may compromise:

confidentiality;
copyright;
intellectual property;
privacy;
data protection;
anonymity in peer review.

Decisions relating to:

desk review;
selection of reviewers;
acceptance;
revision;
rejection;
integrity investigations;

must remain under human responsibility.

AI may only be used as an auxiliary instrument for authorized administrative or technical activities, provided that confidentiality is not compromised and human oversight is maintained.

16. AI and Peer Review

IJAIET regards scientific evaluation as an activity based on specialized human judgment.

No editorial decision may be fully automated.

The use of AI must not compromise:

editorial independence;
impartiality;
confidentiality;
accountability;
right of appeal;
traceability of decisions.

17. Artificial Intelligence as an Object of Research

When the AI system itself constitutes the object of the research, authors must provide sufficient information for appropriate scientific evaluation.

Whenever relevant, authors are encouraged to report:

model name and version;
developer;
date of access;
parameters used;
relevant prompts or instructions;
dataset;
evaluation criteria;
metrics;
validation procedures;
limitations;
conditions for replication.

In prompt-based studies, publication of the prompts used in supplementary material or a repository, where ethically and legally possible, is recommended to increase transparency and reproducibility.

18. AI and Open Science

In accordance with the principles of Open Science, IJAIET encourages authors to promote transparency concerning AI-related procedures.

Where possible and appropriate, authors may make available:

prompts;
code;
scripts;
models;
parameters;
datasets;
documentation;
software versions;
protocols;
materials used for validation.

Sharing must comply with data protection, copyright, intellectual property, participant consent, information security, and ethical or legal restrictions.

19. Prohibited Practices

The use of AI is expressly prohibited for:

fabricating or falsifying data;
producing nonexistent results;
creating false references or citations;
generating artificial evidence presented as real;
misleading manipulation of scientific images;
concealing plagiarism or self-plagiarism;
rewriting plagiarized material with the purpose of avoiding detection;
fabricating participants, interviews, or documents;
creating false identities of authors or reviewers;
manipulating the peer-review process;
producing scientific reviews without human judgment;
compromising confidentiality;
entering personal or confidential data into systems without appropriate protection;
replacing researchers' critical interpretation and responsibility;
presenting AI-generated content as exclusively human-produced when disclosure is required.

20. Failures of Transparency and Editorial Measures

Deliberate omission of relevant AI use may be considered a failure of transparency or research integrity, depending on its nature and impact.

Failure to comply with this policy may result in:

request for clarification;
requirement for an additional declaration;
correction of the manuscript;
suspension of the review process;
rejection of the submission;
withdrawal of the manuscript;
correction or erratum after publication;
expression of concern;
retraction;
communication with the authors' institution;
communication with the funding agency;
communication with the Research Ethics Committee, where relevant;
other measures necessary to preserve the scientific record.

Measures will be adopted in a proportionate, documented, and reasoned manner, in accordance with IJAIET's other ethics and research integrity policies.

21. Mandatory Statement During Submission

During submission, the corresponding author must answer the following question:

Did this manuscript use Artificial Intelligence tools or systems, including Generative Artificial Intelligence, at any stage of conception, research, analysis, content generation, writing, translation, revision, or preparation of the work?

( ) Yes

( ) No

If the answer is Yes, the corresponding Artificial Intelligence Use Statement must be provided.

22. IJAIET Recommended Institutional Model

When AI was used

Artificial Intelligence Use Statement: The authors declare that they used [tool name], version [version, when available], developed by [company/institution], during [stage of research or manuscript preparation], for the purpose of [purpose]. The outputs produced were fully reviewed, verified, and validated by the authors. Use of the tool did not replace scientific judgment, interpretation of results, or the authors' intellectual responsibility, and the authors assume full responsibility for the final published content.

When AI was not used

Artificial Intelligence Use Statement: The authors declare that they did not use Generative Artificial Intelligence tools in the conception, analysis, writing, or preparation of this manuscript.

23. IJAIET Commitment

IJAIET recognizes Artificial Intelligence as a technology with significant potential to contribute to research, education, innovation, and scholarly communication, but considers that its development and use must remain subject to the principles of:

ethics; research integrity; human authorship; accountability; transparency; human oversight; privacy; data protection; equity; non-discrimination; safety; reliability; intellectual property; and respect for human rights.

The use of AI must always enhance human capabilities and never replace human responsibility for the science produced and published.

This policy may be periodically updated in response to developments in AI technologies, legislation, and national and international guidelines on ethics and research integrity.

Institutional References and Access Links

CNPq – Research Integrity Guidelines

CNPq – Policy on Integrity in Scientific Activity and AI Guidelines

Unesp – Resolution No. 13/2025 on the Use of Artificial Intelligence

Unesp – Ordinance No. 125/2025 on AI in Graduate Education

USP – Guide to Good Scientific Practices

USP – Guidelines and References for the Use of AI in Higher Education

FAPESP – Good Scientific Practices

UNESCO – Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence

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